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Oil palm fruits on the tree An oil palm stem, weighing about 10 kg, with some of its fruits picked. Palm oil is naturally reddish in color because of a high beta-carotene content. It is not to be confused with palm kernel oil derived from the kernel of the same fruit [15] or coconut oil derived from the kernel of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera).
It is related to two other edible oils: palm oil, extracted from the fruit pulp of the oil palm, and coconut oil, extracted from the kernel of the coconut. [2] Palm kernel oil, palm oil, and coconut oil are three of the few highly saturated vegetable fats; these oils give the name to the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid that they ...
LCA has been applied to assess the environmental impact of production of oil palm seedlings, [100] oil palm fresh fruit bunches, [101] crude palm oil, [101] crude palm kernel oil [101] and refined palm oil. [102] The assessment on downstream industries such as bio-diesel, [103] was also conducted.
All unrefined crude oil has some water entrained within it. During transportation by ship, separation occurs naturally and water collects at the base of the tank below the oil, this is known as free water (FW). [4] Sales contracts for crude oil will typically specify the BS&W and FW to ensure the cargo meets quality standards.
Oil from Elaeis guineensis is also used as biofuel. Human use of oil palms may date back to about 5,000 years in coastal west Africa. Palm oil was also discovered in the late 19th century by archaeologists in a tomb at Abydos dating back to 3000 BCE. [6] It is thought that Arab traders brought the oil palm to Egypt. [citation needed]
The fruit yields two distinct oils: palm oil derived from the outer parts of the fruit, and palm kernel oil derived from the kernel. [1] The pulp left after oil is rendered from the kernel is formed into "palm kernel cake", used either as high-protein feed for dairy cattle or burned in boilers to generate electricity for palm oil mills and ...
Although oil palm plantations and estates occupy over 118,264 hectares, they account for merely 5% of Nigeria's total crude palm oil production. Although palm kernel cake is well-known in West plantations as a useful feed ingredient, it was mostly utilized as a source of fiber and energy in rations for fish, fowl, and pigs until recently.
Desulphated water flows to the top of the deaerator column, this operates at a partial vacuum (0.3 bara) sustained by the deaerator vacuum unit. The deaerator internals comprise three packed beds. Deaerated water is taken from the base of the deaerator by transfer pumps which deliver 1632 m 3 /hr at 3.6 barg to the degasser surge drum. [4]