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There is a setup cost s t incurred for each order and there is an inventory holding cost i t per item per period (s t and i t can also vary with time if desired). The problem is how many units x t to order now to minimize the sum of setup cost and inventory cost. Let us denote inventory:
In a base-stock system inventory position is given by on-hand inventory-backorders+orders and since inventory never goes negative, inventory position=r+1. Once an order is placed the base stock level is r+1 and if X≤r+1 there won't be a backorder. The probability that an order does not result in back-order is therefore:
EOQ applies only when demand for a product is constant over a period of time (such as a year) and each new order is delivered in full when inventory reaches zero. There is a fixed cost for each order placed, regardless of the quantity of items ordered; an order is assumed to contain only one type of inventory item.
The average inventory is the average of inventory levels at the beginning and end of an accounting period, and COGS/day is calculated by dividing the total cost of goods sold per year by the number of days in the accounting period, generally 365 days. [3] This is equivalent to the 'average days to sell the inventory' which is calculated as: [4]
An item whose inventory is sold (turns over) once a year has higher holding cost than one that turns over twice, or three times, or more in that time. Stock turnover also indicates the briskness of the business. The purpose of increasing inventory turns is to reduce inventory for three reasons. Increasing inventory turns reduces holding cost ...