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Extension tubes are sometimes confused with teleconverters, an optical component (i.e., containing lenses) designed to increase effective focal length. A close-up lens also enables focusing closer for macro photography but, unlike an extension tube, a close-up lens actually is an optical element.
For a ring assembly to grip evenly, it is important that the scope rings are circular and coaxial with the scope tube. On ring mounts that grip unevenly, the ring mount can be lapped to prevent uneven pressure when mounting. [15] One scopes made for ring mounts, it is not uncommon to get ring marks when mounting the rings.
The scope base is the attachment interface on the rifle's receiver, onto which the scope rings or scope mount are fixed. Early telescopic sights almost all have the rings that are fastened directly into tapped screw holes on the receiver, hence having no additional scope base other than the receiver top itself.
The locking bar system allows for even stress to be distributed and prevent canting of the scope mount. Another form of scope canting is caused by the rings themselves. Many Weaver-type mounts, including many Picatinny-type scope rings and even the Redfield Type, have either two or four screws on top of the scope ring that hold the scope in place.
MIL-STD-1913 rail dimensions, cross section (dimensions in inches) Attempts to standardize the Weaver rail mount designs date from work by the A.R.M.S. company and Richard Swanson in the early 1980s.
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NATO Accessory Rail (STANAG 4694) The NATO Accessory Rail (NAR), defined by NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4694, is a rail interface system standard for mounting accessory equipment such as telescopic sights, tactical lights, laser aiming modules, night vision devices, reflex sights, foregrips, bipods and bayonets to small arms such as rifles and pistols.
For instance to move the line of sight 0.4 mrad, a 0.1 mrad scope must be adjusted 4 clicks, while comparably a 0.05 mrad and 0.025 mrad scope must be adjusted 8 and 16 clicks respectively. Others 1.5 / 10 mrad and 2 / 10 mrad can be found in some short range sights, mostly with capped turrets, but are not very widely used.