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French success in this war, and the subsequent installation of Nevers as Duke of Mantua, weakened the Habsburg position in Italy. After 1648, France became predominant in central Europe. Following the peace treaty of Munster in 1648 and, more particularly, the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, Spain's power began its slow decline in what proved ...
In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved under French pressure. Confederation of the Rhine – 1812: German Confederation – 1815: North German Confederation – 1870: A confederation of German client-states of the First French Empire: An attempted partial resurrection of the Holy Roman Empire after the Napoleonic wars
The Habsburg monarchy, [i] also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm [j] (/ ˈ h æ p s b ɜːr ɡ /), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is also referred to as the Austrian monarchy (Latin: Monarchia Austriaca) or the Danubian ...
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The Basque History of the World. Walker & Company. ISBN 9780802713490. Kamen, Henry (2005). Spain 1469–1714. A Society of Conflict (3rd ed.) London and New York: Pearson Longman. ISBN 0-582-78464-6; McAmis, Robert Day (2002). Malay Muslims: the history and challenge of resurgent Islam in Southeast Asia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0 ...
First French Empire – 1812: Kingdom of France – 1815: Kingdom of France – 1839: French Third Republic – 1914: French Third Republic – 1939: French State (Vichy France) – 1942: Provisional Government of the French Republic – 1945-1949: French Fourth Republic – 1946-1957
The Habsburg Netherlands was a geo-political entity covering the whole of the Low Countries (i.e. the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of the modern French départements of Nord and Pas-de-Calais) from 1482 to 1581. The northern Low Countries began growing from 1200 AD, with the drainage and flood control of land, which ...
In November 1700, King Charles II of Spain died, ending the Habsburg line in that country. Louis had long planned for this moment, but these plans were thrown into disarray by the will of King Charles, which left the entire Spanish Empire to Louis's grandson Philip, Duke of Anjou, (1683–1746). Essentially, Spain was to become a perpetual ally ...