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Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).
The income index is one component of the Human Development Index, but is also used separately. [2] The adjustment of income for inequality based on the Gini coefficient was first proposed by Amartya Sen in 1976. [3] The adjustment was first applied by the UN on income data in 1993, before later being expanded to the general HDI. [4] All data is ...
The IHDI, estimated for the world and specific countries, captures the losses in human development due to inequality in health, education and income. Losses in all three dimensions vary across countries, ranging from just a few percent (e.g. Czech Republic and Slovenia) up to over 40% (e.g. Angola and Comoros). Overall loss takes into account ...
But the authors of the World Inequality Lab study reached this conclusion by tracking how much of India’s total income, as well as wealth, is held by the country’s top 1%. While income refers ...
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
Wealth distribution can vary greatly from income distribution in a country (see List of countries by income equality). Higher Gini coefficients signify greater wealth inequality, with 0 being complete equality, whereas a value near 1 can arise if everybody has zero wealth except a very small minority.
Global income inequality peaked approximately in the 1970s, when world income was distributed bimodally into "rich" and "poor" countries with little overlap. Since then, inequality has been rapidly decreasing, and this trend seems to be accelerating. Income distribution is now unimodal, with most people living in middle-income countries. [29]
New Orleans has the highest income inequality of major U.S. cities. While the highest earners make 7.8 times as much as the lowest earners in New Orleans, they still earn lower than average ...