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With a few exceptions—France, Japan, Spain—the top 10 percent of earners in most advanced economies raced ahead, while the bottom 10 percent fell further behind. [93] By 2013, a tiny elite of multibillionaires, 85 to be exact, had amassed wealth equivalent to all the wealth owned by the poorest half (3.5 billion) of the world's total ...
This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2024 Human Development Report.According to the 2016 Report, "The IHDI can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for", whereas the Human Development Index itself, from which the IHDI is derived, is "an index of potential human development (or ...
Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).
For the top 21 industrialised countries, counting each person equally, life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907). [5] A similar relationship exists among US states (r = -.620). [6] 2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem ...
Income inequality has significant effects over long-term shifts in wealth inequality. Wealth inequality is increasing: The top .1% owned approximately 22% of the wealth in 2012, versus 7% in 1978. The top 1% share of wealth was at or below 10% from 1950 to 1987. [81] [169] A conflicting estimate found that they held some 15%. [29]
Poor health outcomes appear to be an effect of economic inequality across a population. Nations and regions with greater economic inequality show poorer outcomes in life expectancy, [31]: Figure 1.1 mental health, [31]: Figure 5.1 drug abuse, [31]: Figure 5.3 obesity, [31]: Figure 7.1 educational performance, teenage birthrates, and ill health due to violence.
Bennett's inequality, an upper bound on the probability that the sum of independent random variables deviates from its expected value by more than any specified amount Bhatia–Davis inequality , an upper bound on the variance of any bounded probability distribution
A pro-marriage equality rally in San Francisco, US Equality symbolSocial equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services.