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In nephrology, renal angina is a clinical methodology to risk stratify patients for the development of persistent and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). [1] The composite of risk factors and early signs of injury for AKI, renal angina is used as a clinical adjunct to help optimize the use of novel AKI biomarker testing.
Acute kidney injury was one of the most expensive conditions seen in U.S. hospitals in 2011, with an aggregated cost of nearly $4.7 billion for approximately 498,000 hospital stays. [49] This was a 346% increase in hospitalizations from 1997, when there were 98,000 acute kidney injury stays. [50]
Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes – KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease [61] A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 is considered normal without chronic kidney disease if there is no kidney damage present.
Upon presentation of decreased renal function, it is recommended to perform a history and physical examination, as well as performing a renal ultrasound and a urinalysis. [ citation needed ] The most relevant items in the history are medications , edema , nocturia , gross hematuria , family history of kidney disease, diabetes and polyuria .
Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]
A Guideline Comparison utility that gives users the ability to generate side-by-side comparisons for any combination of two or more guidelines; Guideline Syntheses prepared by NGC staff, comparing guidelines covering similar topics, highlighting areas of similarity and difference.
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Postrenal acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury, or AKI, is when the kidney isn’t functioning at 100% and that decrease in function usually over a few days. Actually, AKI used to be known as acute renal failure, or ARF, but AKI is a broader term that also includes subtle decreases in kidney function.