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Contention in a wireless or noisy spectrum, where the physical medium is entirely out of the control of those who specify the protocol, requires measures that also use up throughput. Wireless devices, BPL , and modems may produce a higher line rate or gross bit rate , due to error-correcting codes and other physical layer overhead.
OC-48 is also used as a transmission speed for tributaries from OC-192 nodes in order to optimize card slot utilization where lower speed deployments are used. Slower cards that drop to OC-12, OC-3 or STS-1 speeds are more commonly found on OC-48 terminals, where use of these cards on an OC-192 terminal would not allow for full use of the ...
This is a sortable list of broadband internet connection speed by country, ranked by Speedtest.net data for March 2024, [1] and with M-Lab data for June 2023 [2] Country/Territory Median
Ethernet over fiber is a networking technology that delivers Ethernet bandwidth ranging up to 400 Gbit/s using optical fiber lines. Such wired transmission methods extend connectivity over long distances up to 200 km, support higher bitrates and provide far greater immunity from electromagnetic interference (EMI) than electrical connections.
Broadband. A dial-up service connects to the internet through a phone line with a maximum speed of 56 kbps. Broadband refers to a connection that transmits a large amount of data at a high speed. A connection having a download speed of 256 kbps or faster is currently classified as broadband.
The consumed bandwidth in bit/s, corresponds to achieved throughput or goodput, i.e., the average rate of successful data transfer through a communication path.The consumed bandwidth can be affected by technologies such as bandwidth shaping, bandwidth management, bandwidth throttling, bandwidth cap, bandwidth allocation (for example bandwidth allocation protocol and dynamic bandwidth ...
For short-distance applications, such as a network in an office building (see fiber to the office), fiber-optic cabling can save space in cable ducts. This is because a single fiber can carry much more data than electrical cables such as standard category 5 cable, which typically runs at 100 Mbit/s or 1 Gbit/s speeds.
A fiber optic node has a broadband optical receiver, which converts the downstream optically modulated signal coming from the headend or hub to an electrical signal going to the customers. As of 2015, the downstream signal is a RF modulated signal that typically begins at 50 MHz and ranges from 550 to 1000 MHz on the upper end. The fiber optic ...