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Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
Thermodynamic diagrams are diagrams used to represent the thermodynamic states of a material (typically fluid) and the consequences of manipulating this material. For instance, a temperature–entropy diagram (T–s diagram) may be used to demonstrate the behavior of a fluid as it is changed by a compressor.
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the transfer of thermal energy from one physical system to another. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and phase-change transfer. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species ...
Heat Capacity: A fluid’s heat capacity indicates how much thermal energy it can transport and store, impacting the efficiency of the heat transfer process. [ 2 ] Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity : These properties influence the rate at which heat is transferred through the fluid, affecting how quickly a system can respond to ...
is the isobaric heat capacity of the fluid is 0.4 for heating (wall hotter than the bulk fluid) and 0.33 for cooling (wall cooler than the bulk fluid). [11] The fluid properties necessary for the application of this equation are evaluated at the bulk temperature thus avoiding iteration.
Evaluating thermal resistance helps in designing engine components and automotive cooling systems. Cookware design: Thermal conductance is important for designing cookware to ensure even heat distribution and cooking efficiency. Assessing thermal conductance is important in designing cookware for even heat distribution.
The thermal inertia of a terrestrial planet such as Mars can be approximated from the thermal effusivity of its near-surface geologic materials. In remote sensing applications, thermal inertia represents a complex combination of particle size, rock abundance, bedrock outcropping and the degree of induration (i.e. thickness and hardness). [9]
Fuel efficiency (or fuel economy) is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier into kinetic energy or work.