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Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its ... thus suggesting a diffusion of Chinese metal technology to the Islamic world. ... By the 18th century, the ...
The process was devised in the Liège region, and spread [4] into France and thence from the Pays de Bray to England before the end of the 15th century. [5] [6] Louis de Geer took it to Roslagen in Sweden in the early 17th century, where he employed Walloon ironmakers. [7] Iron made there by this method was known in England as oregrounds iron. [8]
Iron metallurgy in Africa concerns the origin and development of ferrous metallurgy on the African continent.Whereas the development of iron metallurgy in North Africa and the Horn closely mirrors that of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean region, the three-age system is ill-suited to Sub-Saharan Africa, where copper metallurgy generally does not precede iron working. [1]
A history of technology: vol 4: The Industrial Revolution c 1750–c 1860 (1960) ch 4, and vol 5: The Late Nineteenth Century, c 1850–c 1900, ch 3; online at ACLS e-books Archived 2006-11-30 at the Wayback Machine; Stoddard, Brooke C. Steel: From Mine to Mill, the Metal that Made America (2015) short, global popular history excerpt
16th century BC – The Hittites develop crude iron metallurgy; 13th century BC – Invention of steel when iron and charcoal are combined properly; 10th century BC – Glass production begins in ancient Near East; 1st millennium BC – Pewter beginning to be used in China and Egypt; 1000 BC – The Phoenicians introduce dyes made from the ...
Iron alloys are most broadly divided by their carbon content: cast iron has 2–4% carbon impurities; wrought iron oxidizes away most of its carbon, to less than 0.1%. The much more valuable steel has a delicately intermediate carbon fraction, and its material properties range according to the carbon percentage: high carbon steel is stronger but more brittle than low carbon steel.
In the 18th century, periods of formation and development of industrial metallurgical centers stand out in Urals metallurgy, for example, the rapid construction and economic growth of more than two hundred metallurgy factories during the 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries [3] until the abolition of serfdom on February 19, 1861 in the ...
Based on oral traditions, these furnaces may have been built between the 15th and 18th centuries, still being used during Burkina Faso's colonial period, although more archeological research is needed to precisely date the furnaces. [4] The Yamané and Kindibo sites also contain multiple large furnaces built in a similar manner. These furnaces ...