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  2. Combustibility and flammability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Combustibility_and_flammability

    A fire test can be conducted to determine the degree of flammability. Test standards used to make this determination but are not limited to the following: Underwriters Laboratories UL 94 Flammability Testing; International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 60707, 60695-11-10 and 60695-11-20; International Organization for Standardization ISO 9772 ...

  3. Flame test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test

    A flame test involves introducing a sample of the element or compound to a hot, non-luminous flame and observing the color of the flame that results. [4] The compound can be made into a paste with concentrated hydrochloric acid, as metal halides , being volatile, give better results. [ 5 ]

  4. Flammability limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammability_limit

    In the U.S. the most common method of measuring LFLs and UFLs is ASTM E681. [26] This standard test is required for HAZMAT Class 2 Gases and for determining refrigerant flammability classifications. This standard uses visual observations of flame propagation in 5 or 12 L spherical glass vessels to measure the flammability limits.

  5. UL 94 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UL_94

    UL 94, the Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances testing, is a plastics flammability standard released by Underwriters Laboratories of the United States. [1] The standard determines the material's tendency to either extinguish or spread the flame once the specimen has been ignited.

  6. Flame spread - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_spread

    This test method measures flame growth on the underside of a horizontal test specimen, using the Steiner tunnel test. The result is derivation of a Flame Spread Index ( FSI ), [ 2 ] which is a non-dimensional number which is placed on a relative scale in which asbestos-cement board has a value of 0, and red oak wood has 100.

  7. Limiting oxygen index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limiting_oxygen_index

    The limiting oxygen index (LOI) is the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as a percentage, that will support combustion of a polymer.It is measured by passing a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen over a burning specimen, and reducing the oxygen level until a critical level is reached.

  8. Cleveland open-cup method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_open-cup_method

    The Cleveland open-cup method is one of three main methods in chemistry for determining the flash point of a petroleum product using a Cleveland open-cup apparatus, also known as a Cleveland open-cup tester. [1] First, the test cup of the apparatus (usually brass) is filled to a certain level with a portion of the product.

  9. Combustion analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_analysis

    Combustion analysis is a method used in both organic chemistry and analytical chemistry to determine the elemental composition (more precisely empirical formula) of a pure organic compound by combusting the sample under conditions where the resulting combustion products can be quantitatively analyzed.