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Roseola, also known as sixth disease, is an infectious disease caused by certain types of human herpes viruses. [2] Most infections occur before the age of three. [ 1 ] Symptoms vary from absent to the classic presentation of a fever of rapid onset followed by a rash.
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, [3] is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. [4] This virus was discovered in 1975 and can cause other diseases besides fifth disease. [5] Fifth disease typically presents as a rash and is most common in children.
Erythema infectiosum, identified as a distinct condition in 1896. [13] "fifth disease" parvovirus B19: Confluent erythematous and edematous patches on cheeks ("slapped cheek") for 1-4 days followed by a "lacy," reticular, erythematous rash on the body. Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) "sixth disease" HHV-6 and HHV-7
HHV-6B primary infection is the cause of the common childhood illness exanthema subitum (also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease). It is passed on from child to child. It is uncommon for adults to contract this disease as most people have had it by kindergarten, and once contracted, immunity arises and prevents future reinfection.
The acquisition of HHV-6 in infancy is often symptomatic, resulting in childhood fever, diarrhea, and exanthem subitum rash (commonly known as roseola). Although rare, this initial infection can also cause febrile seizures , encephalitis or intractable seizures.
In otherwise healthy adults and children, parvovirus B19 is often mild and ends in complete recovery. However, people with the following conditions may be at increased risk of complications:
The incubation period of the virus can be three to six days, according to the CDC, and the groups at highest risk include younger children and adults 65 or older.
Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) 13 days [14] 18 days Giardia: 3 days: 21 days HIV: 2 weeks to months, or longer [15] 3 weeks to months, or longer Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) 28 days [16] 42 days Influenza: 1 day [17] 3 days Kuru disease: 10.3 years (mean) [18] 13.2 years Leprosy: 1 year [19] 20 or more years Marburg: 5 days ...