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[11] [12] To prevent time-temperature abuse, the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized. [13] A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature, that is, a small decrease of cooking temperature can result in considerable numbers of cells surviving the process. [ 14 ]
The refrigerator should maintain a temperature between 2° and 8 °C (36° and 46 °F). Freezers should maintain a temperature between -50° and -15 °C (-58° and +5 °F). [14] Thermometers are useful to monitor the temperature by placing at the storage unit's central location, adjacent to the vaccines.
Always refrigerate perishable food within 2 hours—1 hour when the temperature is above 90°F (32.2°C). Check the temperature of your refrigerator and freezer with an appliance thermometer. The refrigerator should be at 40°F (4.4°C) or below and the freezer at 0°F (-17.7°C) or below. [27]
Food in a refrigerator with its door open. A refrigerator, commonly shortened to fridge, is a commercial and home appliance consisting of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat from its inside to its external environment so that its inside is cooled to a temperature below the room temperature. [1]
A dishwasher containing clean dishes. A dishwasher is a machine that is used to clean dishware, cookware, and cutlery automatically. Unlike manual dishwashing, which relies on physical scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical dishwasher cleans by spraying hot water, typically between 45 and 75 °C (110 and 170 °F), at the dishes, with lower temperatures of water used for delicate items.
Major appliances, also known as white goods, comprise major household appliances and may include: air conditioners, [10] dishwashers, [10] clothes dryers, drying cabinets, freezers, refrigerators, [10] kitchen stoves, water heaters, [10] washing machines, [10] trash compactors, microwave ovens, and induction cookers.
LG Smart Refrigerator at CES 2011. A smart refrigerator is a refrigerator that is able to communicate with the internet. [1] This kind of refrigerator is often designed to automatically determine when particular food items need to be replenished.
A time temperature indicator (TTI) is a device or smart label that shows the accumulated time-temperature history of a product. Time temperature indicators are commonly used on food , pharmaceutical , and medical products to indicate exposure to excessive temperature (and time at temperature).