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  2. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    For example, two numbers can be multiplied just by using a logarithm table and adding. These are often known as logarithmic properties, which are documented in the table below. [ 2 ] The first three operations below assume that x = b c and/or y = b d , so that log b ( x ) = c and log b ( y ) = d .

  3. Raising and lowering indices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_and_lowering_indices

    It is common convention to use greek indices when writing expressions involving tensors in Minkowski space, while Latin indices are reserved for Euclidean space. Well-formulated expressions are constrained by the rules of Einstein summation: any index may appear at most twice and furthermore a raised index must contract with a lowered index ...

  4. Law (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a law is a formula that is always true within a given context. [1] Laws describe a relationship, between two or more expressions or terms (which may contain variables), usually using equality or inequality, [2] or between formulas themselves, for instance, in mathematical logic.

  5. List of theorems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_theorems

    This is a list of notable theorems.Lists of theorems and similar statements include: List of algebras; List of algorithms; List of axioms; List of conjectures

  6. Index of a subgroup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_a_subgroup

    A subgroup H of finite index in a group G (finite or infinite) always contains a normal subgroup N (of G), also of finite index. In fact, if H has index n, then the index of N will be some divisor of n! and a multiple of n; indeed, N can be taken to be the kernel of the natural homomorphism from G to the permutation group of the left (or right ...

  7. Integration by reduction formulae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_by_reduction...

    The main idea is to express an integral involving an integer parameter (e.g. power) of a function, represented by I n, in terms of an integral that involves a lower value of the parameter (lower power) of that function, for example I n-1 or I n-2. This makes the reduction formula a type of recurrence relation. In other words, the reduction ...

  8. List of set identities and relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and...

    This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.

  9. Law of rational indices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_rational_indices

    Miller indices of a plane (hkl) and a direction [hkl].The intercepts on the axes are at a/ h, b/ k and c/ l. The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) gives the following definition: "The law of rational indices states that the intercepts, OP, OQ, OR, of the natural faces of a crystal form with the unit-cell axes a, b, c are inversely proportional to prime integers, h, k, l.