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SQLAlchemy is an open-source Python library that provides an SQL toolkit (called "SQLAlchemy Core") and an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) for database interactions. It allows developers to work with databases using Python objects, enabling efficient and flexible database access.
The Count operator counts the number of elements in the given collection. An overload taking a predicate, counts the number of elements matching the predicate. The standard query operator API also specifies certain operators that convert a collection into another type: [3] AsEnumerable: Statically types the collection as an IEnumerable<T>. [4]
For instance, a SQL statement like SELECT * FROM city could be inserted as text within C source code, and during compiling it would be converted into a custom format that directly called a function within a library that would pass the statement into the SQL system.
To use cursors in SQL procedures, you need to do the following: Declare a cursor that defines a result set; Open the cursor to establish the result set; Fetch the data into local variables as needed from the cursor, one row at a time; Close the cursor when done; To work with cursors you must use the following SQL statements
SQL includes operators and functions for calculating values on stored values. SQL allows the use of expressions in the select list to project data, as in the following example, which returns a list of books that cost more than 100.00 with an additional sales_tax column containing a sales tax figure calculated at 6% of the price.
SQL includes operators and functions for calculating values on stored values. SQL allows the use of expressions in the select list to project data, as in the following example, which returns a list of books that cost more than 100.00 with an additional sales_tax column containing a sales tax figure calculated at 6% of the price.
An alternative to implementing ORM is use of the native procedural languages provided with every major database. These can be called from the client using SQL statements. The Data Access Object (DAO) design pattern is used to abstract these statements and offer a lightweight object-oriented interface to the rest of the application. [5]
The embedded SQL statements are parsed by an embedded SQL preprocessor and replaced by host-language calls to a code library. The output from the preprocessor is then compiled by the host compiler . This allows programmers to embed SQL statements in programs written in any number of languages such as C/C++ , COBOL and Fortran .