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Depression focused groundwater recharge also profoundly effects contaminant transport into groundwater. This is of great concern in regions with karst geological formations because water can eventually dissolve tunnels all the way to aquifers , or otherwise disconnected streams.
Hydrological, or direct, effects of doing this [1] include reduction in downstream river flow, increased evaporation in the irrigated area, increased level in the water table as groundwater recharge in the area is increased and flow increased in the irrigated area.
Baseflow depletion curve is the declining of baseflow/groundwater and soil reserves. [2] The volume and rate of water moving as baseflow can be affected by macropores, micropores, and other fractured conditions in the soil and shallow geomorphic features. Infiltration to recharge subsurface storage increases baseflow.
Safe yield is the amount of groundwater that can be withdrawn over a period of time without exceeding the long-term recharge rate or affecting the aquifer integrity. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Sustainable yield is the amount of water extraction that can be sustained indefinitely without negative hydrological impacts, taking into account both recharge rate and ...
The anthropogenic effects on groundwater resources are mainly due to groundwater pumping and the indirect effects of irrigation and land use changes. [38] Groundwater plays a central role in sustaining water supplies and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. [39] In some cases, groundwater is an additional water source that was not used previously ...
Groundwater pollution (also called groundwater contamination) occurs when pollutants are released to the ground and make their way into groundwater.This type of water pollution can also occur naturally due to the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent, contaminant, or impurity in the groundwater, in which case it is more likely referred to as contamination rather than pollution.
The main contributor to groundwater drawdown since the 1960s is over-exploitation of groundwater resources. [2] Drawdown occurs in response to: pumping from the bore; interference from a neighbouring pumping bore; in response to local, intensive groundwater pumping; regional seasonal decline due to discharge in excess of recharge [3]
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface.