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Amacrine cells operate at the inner plexiform layer (IPL), the second synaptic retinal layer where bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells form synapses.There are at least 33 different subtypes of amacrine cells based just on their dendrite morphology and stratification.
The amacrine cells were originally thought to be methodically placed in this system. However, it has been discovered that the placement of amacrine cells, especially amacrine II cells, to each other and to bipolar cells is largely random in most vertebrates. It is not yet known why this is.
Retina amacrine cells, particularly narrow field cells, are important for creating functional subunits within the ganglion cell layer and making it so that ganglion cells can observe a small dot moving a small distance. [1] Retinal ganglion cells collectively transmit image-forming and non-image forming visual information from the retina in the ...
The amacrine cells are placed in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer, and are so named because they have not yet been shown to possess axis-cylinder processes. Their dendrites undergo extensive ramification in the inner plexiform layer.
Bipolar cells effectively transfer information from rods and cones to ganglion cells. The horizontal cells and the amacrine cells complicate matters somewhat. The horizontal cells introduce lateral inhibition to the dendrites and give rise to the center-surround inhibition which is apparent in retinal receptive fields.
In the anatomy of the eye, the ganglion cell layer (ganglionic layer) is a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells. The cells are somewhat flask -shaped; the rounded internal surface of each resting on the stratum opticum , and sending off an axon which is prolonged into it.
Human eye cross-sectional view grayscale. Retinal precursor cells are biological cells that differentiate into the various cell types of the retina during development. In the vertebrate, these retinal cells differentiate into seven cell types, including retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, rod photoreceptors, cone photoreceptors, and Müller glia cells. [1]
Horizontal cells provide inhibitory feedback to rod and cone photoreceptors. [1] [2] They are thought to be important for the antagonistic center-surround property of the receptive fields of many types of retinal ganglion cells. [3] Other retinal neurons include photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and retinal ganglion cells.