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A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous and permeable solids and at least 10% of water or other interstitial fluid. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The solid phase is a water insoluble three dimensional network of polymers , having absorbed a large amount of water or biological fluids.
Hydrogel dressings should promote an appropriate microenvironment for angiogenesis, recruitment of fibroblasts, and cellular proliferation. [2] [4] Hydrogels respond elastically to applied stress; gels made from materials like collagen exhibit high toughness and low sliding friction, reducing damage from mechanical stress.
Hydrogels have a high water content, [7] with some hydrogels containing up to 90% water. [5] Active drugs and other substances dispersed as colloids or dissolved in water can be easily taken up by hydrogels. [5] Hydrogels are biocompatible. [5] [7] They also swell to a greater volume than organogels when in contact with water and other natural ...
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel.A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation.
It has been known for decades that the addition of cholesterol to a fluid phase bilayer decreases its permeability to water. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The mode of this interaction has more recently been shown to be due to cholesterol intercalating between lipid molecules, filling in free space and decreasing the flexibility of surrounding lipid chains. [ 8 ]
An upturned vial of hair gel Silica gel. A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. [1] [2] Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.
Hydrogel. A mixture of acrylic acid, water, cross-linking agents and UV initiator chemicals are blended and placed either on a moving belt or in large tubs. The liquid mixture then goes into a "reactor" which is a long chamber with a series of strong UV lights. The UV radiation drives the polymerization and cross-linking reactions.
It also has the effect of reducing leakage currents in the ER fluid. [7] The giant electrorheological (GER) fluid was discovered in 2003, [8] and is able to sustain higher yield strengths than many other ER fluids. The GER fluid consists of Urea coated nanoparticles of Barium Titanium Oxalate suspended in silicone oil.