Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The two terms (subject and predicate) in a categorical proposition may each be classified as distributed or undistributed. If all members of the term's class are affected by the proposition, that class is distributed; otherwise it is undistributed. Every proposition therefore has one of four possible distribution of terms.
Undistributed middle: Neither of the premises accounts for all members of the middle term, which consequently fails to link the major and minor term. Illicit treatment of the major term : The conclusion implicates all members of the major term (P – meaning the proposition is negative); however, the major premise does not account for them all ...
The fallacy of the undistributed middle occurs when the term that links the two premises is never distributed. In this example, distribution is marked in boldface: All Z is B; All Y is B; Therefore, all Y is Z; B is the common term between the two premises (the middle term) but is never distributed, so this syllogism is invalid.
In everyday reasoning, the fallacy of four terms occurs most frequently by equivocation: using the same word or phrase but with a different meaning each time, creating a fourth term even though only three distinct words are used. The resulting argument sounds like the (valid) first example above, but is in fact structured like the invalid ...
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. [2] For example, in the English language , the words begin , start , commence , and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are synonymous .
For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ways to reach us
A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.
Fallacies of definition – Ways in which a term may be poorly defined; False statement – Statement contradicted by facts and reality; Mathematical fallacy, also known as Invalid proof – Certain type of mistaken proof; Modus tollens – Rule of logical inference; Paradox – Logically self-contradictory statement