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Case history; Prior: Groetzinger v. Commissioner, 82 T.C. 793 (1984); affirmed, 771 F.2d 269 (7th Cir. 1985); cert. granted, 475 U.S. 1080 (1986).: Holding; Under the terms of § 162(a), tax deductions should be granted for all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business for tax purposes.
The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
Verdoorn's law is named after Dutch economist Petrus Johannes Verdoorn. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It states that in the long run productivity generally grows proportionally to the square root of output. In economics , this law pertains to the relationship between the growth of output and the growth of productivity .
Section 162(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 162(a)), is part of United States taxation law. It concerns deductions for business expenses. It is one of the most important provisions in the Code, because it is the most widely used authority for deductions. [1] If an expense is not deductible, then Congress considers the cost to be a ...
This is a list of abbreviations used in law and legal documents. It is common practice in legal documents to cite other publications by using standard abbreviations for the title of each source. Abbreviations may also be found for common words or legal phrases.
Grosch's law is the following observation of computer performance, made by Herb Grosch in 1953: [1]. I believe that there is a fundamental rule, which I modestly call Grosch's law, giving added economy only as the square root of the increase in speed — that is, to do a calculation ten times as cheaply you must do it hundred times as fast.
/// Performs a Karatsuba square root on a `u64`. pub fn u64_isqrt (mut n: u64)-> u64 {if n <= u32:: MAX as u64 {// If `n` fits in a `u32`, let the `u32` function handle it. return u32_isqrt (n as u32) as u64;} else {// The normalization shift satisfies the Karatsuba square root // algorithm precondition "a₃ ≥ b/4" where a₃ is the most ...
For example, § 162(c)(1) disallows a deduction for illegal bribes or kickbacks to a domestic government official or agency, and § 162(f) disallows a deduction for fines paid to the government for violating the law. Furthermore, § 280E prevents a taxpayer from taking a deduction related to the business of selling illegal controlled substances.