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The Encrypting File System (EFS) on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3.0 of NTFS [1] that provides filesystem-level encryption.The technology enables files to be transparently encrypted to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer.
Filesystem-level encryption, [1] often called file-based encryption, FBE, or file/folder encryption, is a form of disk encryption where individual files or directories are encrypted by the file system itself. This is in contrast to the full disk encryption where the entire partition or disk, in which the file system resides, is encrypted.
Particular data binary large objects can be encrypted in a way that salt is added and/or an external user-prompted password (aka "Strong Key Protection") is required. The use of a salt is a per-implementation option – i.e. under the control of the application developer – and is not controllable by the end user or system administrator.
Transparent Data Encryption (often abbreviated to TDE) is a technology employed by Microsoft, IBM and Oracle to encrypt database files. TDE offers encryption at file level. TDE enables the encryption of data at rest, encrypting databases both on the hard drive and consequently on backup media. It does not protect data in transit nor data in use.
For more information, see NTFS § File compression. Encrypted (E): When set, Windows encrypts the hosting file upon storage to prevent unauthorized access. For more information, see NTFS § Encryption. Not Content-Indexed (I): When set, Indexing Service or Windows Search do not include the hosting file in their indexing operation.
This section shows file formats for encrypted general data, rather than a specific program's data. AXX – Encrypted file, created with AxCrypt; EEA – An encrypted CAB, ostensibly for protecting email attachments; TC – Virtual encrypted disk container, created by TrueCrypt; KODE – Encrypted file, created with KodeFile
EncFS is a Free FUSE-based cryptographic filesystem.It transparently encrypts files, using an arbitrary directory as storage for the encrypted files. [4] [5]Two directories are involved in mounting an EncFS filesystem: the source directory, and the mountpoint.
Crypto-shredding or crypto erase (cryptographic erasure) is the practice of rendering encrypted data unusable by deliberately deleting or overwriting the encryption keys: assuming the key is not later recovered and the encryption is not broken, the data should become irrecoverable, effectively permanently deleted or "shredded". [1]