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Others are pursuing similar approaches based on hydrotreating or using woody biomass and enzymatic processes. [19] Moreover, nations are enacting policies that increase the use of biogasoline. This helps restrain the use of fossil fuels and create more energy independence. [19]
A problem in the production of synthesis gas from biomass is the formation of tar, [10] which can be avoided during hydrothermal process management. Biomass is usually processed at a temperature range of (180-350 °C) the biomass is then submerged in water and heated under the pressure of (2-6 MPa) for (5–240 minutes). And the temperature and ...
In addition to pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion technologies, post-combustion is a promising technology which can be used to extract CO 2 emission from biomass fuel resources. During the process, CO 2 is separated from the other gases in the flue gas stream after the biomass fuel is burnt and undergo separation process. Because it has the ...
Biomass (in the context of energy generation) is matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms which is used for bioenergy production. There are variations in how such biomass for energy is defined, e.g. only from plants, [8] or from plants and algae, [9] or from plants and animals. [10]
According to a study done by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Energy, the United States can produce at least 1.3 billion tons of cellulosic biomass each year without decreasing the amount of biomass needed for food, animal feed, or exports. [2]
Biofuels are biomass-derived fuels from plants, animals, or waste; depending on which type of biomass is used, they could lower CO 2 emissions by 20–98% compared to conventional jet fuel. [68] The first test flight using blended biofuel was in 2008, and in 2011, blended fuels with 50% biofuels were allowed on commercial flights.
The biomass that is used as input materials consists of recently living (but now dead) organisms, mainly plants. [2] Thus, fossil fuels are not regarded as biomass under this definition. Types of biomass commonly used for bioenergy include wood, food crops such as corn, energy crops and waste from forests, yards, or farms. [3]
The process can tolerate water in the feedstock, free fatty acids are converted to methyl esters instead of soap, so a wide variety of feedstocks can be used. Also the catalyst removal step is eliminated. [9] High temperatures and pressures are required, but energy costs of production are similar or less than catalytic production routes. [10]