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The adverse side effects of amphetamine are many and varied, and the amount of amphetamine used is the primary factor in determining the likelihood and severity of adverse effects. [ 29 ] [ 41 ] Amphetamine products such as Adderall , Dexedrine, and their generic equivalents are currently approved by the U.S. FDA for long-term therapeutic use.
Crystal methamphetamine and salts of amphetamine are sometimes powdered and insufflated by recreational users, which results in a fairly rapid uptake of the drug through the nasal epithelium; with regular use, amphetamine or methamphetamine insufflation slowly damages and eventually destroys the nasal septum due to their causticity and ...
Common effects may include increased alertness, awareness, wakefulness, endurance, productivity, and motivation, arousal, locomotion, heart rate, and blood pressure, and a diminished desire for food and sleep. Use of stimulants may cause the body to significantly reduce its production of endogenous compounds that fulfill similar functions.
Amphetamine is used by some athletes for its psychological and athletic performance-enhancing effects, such as increased endurance and alertness; [78] [79] however, non-medical amphetamine use is prohibited at sporting events that are regulated by collegiate, national, and international anti-doping agencies.
Co-occurring psychiatric disorders are more common among women than men who abuse substances; women more frequently use substances to reduce the negative effects of these co-occurring disorders. Substance abuse puts both men and women at higher risk for perpetration and victimization of sexual violence. [108]
MDA is bought, sold, and used as a recreational drug due to its enhancement of mood and empathy. [8] A recreational dose of MDA is sometimes cited as being between 100 and 160 mg. [9] It produces MDMA-like effects, including entactogen and psychedelic effects. [2] [9] [10]
The term PnP is commonly used by gay men [94] [failed verification] and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in North America, while chemsex is more associated with the gay scene in Europe. [95] The drug of choice is typically methamphetamine , known as tina or T, [ 96 ] but other drugs are also used, such as mephedrone , GHB , GBL [ 97 ] and ...
Amphetamine type stimulants can be used in the treatment of narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder where the brain is unable to regulate the sleep-wake mechanism. [17] Amphetamines causes an increase in dopamine release, which is the proposed mechanism for its wake-promoting effect. [ 18 ]