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The adverse side effects of amphetamine are many and varied, and the amount of amphetamine used is the primary factor in determining the likelihood and severity of adverse effects. [ 29 ] [ 41 ] Amphetamine products such as Adderall , Dexedrine, and their generic equivalents are currently approved by the U.S. FDA for long-term therapeutic use.
Common effects may include increased alertness, awareness, wakefulness, endurance, productivity, and motivation, arousal, locomotion, heart rate, and blood pressure, and a diminished desire for food and sleep. Use of stimulants may cause the body to significantly reduce its production of endogenous compounds that fulfill similar functions.
Various drugs result in different effects, both positive and negative. Negative effects may include low libido, erection issues (in males), vaginal dryness (in females) and anorgasmia. Positive effects usually address these issues, overall enhancing sexual performance and contributing to a more enjoyable sexual experience.
Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD), also called misuse or abuse, [1] is the use of benzodiazepines without a prescription and/or for recreational purposes, which poses risks of dependence, withdrawal and other long-term effects. [2] [3] Benzodiazepines are one of the more common
Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. [82] Amphetamine is also used off-label as a performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant.
MDA is bought, sold, and used as a recreational drug due to its enhancement of mood and empathy. [8] A recreational dose of MDA is sometimes cited as being between 100 and 160 mg. [9] It produces MDMA-like effects, including entactogen and psychedelic effects. [2] [9] [10]
Common adverse effects elicited by these drugs include hot flushes, bone loss, headache, unpredictable mood changes, depression, vaginal dryness, or even atrophy for females and penile atrophy for males. [34] These adverse effects can be counteracted and treated by add-back therapy, also known as hormone replacement therapy.
Amphetamine type stimulants can be used in the treatment of narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder where the brain is unable to regulate the sleep-wake mechanism. [17] Amphetamines causes an increase in dopamine release, which is the proposed mechanism for its wake-promoting effect. [ 18 ]