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A path isometry or arcwise isometry is a map which preserves the lengths of curves; such a map is not necessarily an isometry in the distance preserving sense, and it need not necessarily be bijective, or even injective. [5] [6] This term is often abridged to simply isometry, so one should take care to determine from context which type is intended.
If and are two finite-dimensional normed spaces with the same dimension, let (,) denote the collection of all linear isomorphisms :. Denote by ‖ ‖ the operator norm of such a linear map — the maximum factor by which it "lengthens" vectors.
It is a linear isometry at the tangent space of every point on (), that is, it is an isometry on the infinitesimal patches. It preserves the curvature tensor at the tangent space of every point on B r ( x ) {\displaystyle B_{r}(x)} , that is, it preserves how the infinitesimal patches fit together.
An isometry V is said to be pure if, in the notation of the above proof, = {}. The multiplicity of a pure isometry V is the dimension of the kernel of V*, i.e. the cardinality of the index set A in the Wold decomposition of V. In other words, a pure isometry of multiplicity N takes the form
In mathematics, the Mazur–Ulam theorem states that if and are normed spaces over R and the mapping: is a surjective isometry, then is affine.It was proved by Stanisław Mazur and Stanisław Ulam in response to a question raised by Stefan Banach.
A Euclidean isometry f of a Euclidean space E defines a linear isometry of the associated vector space (by linear isometry, it is meant an isometry that is also a linear map) in the following way: denoting by Q – P the vector , (if O is an arbitrary point of E, one has
In mathematical functional analysis a partial isometry is a linear map between Hilbert spaces such that it is an isometry on the orthogonal complement of its kernel. The orthogonal complement of its kernel is called the initial subspace and its range is called the final subspace. Partial isometries appear in the polar decomposition.
In mathematics, a unitary transformation is a linear isomorphism that preserves the inner product: the inner product of two vectors before the transformation is equal to their inner product after the transformation.