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The Fall of the House of Habsburg. Sphere Books Limited, London, 1970. (First published by Longmans in 1963.) Erbe, Michael (2000). Die Habsburger 1493–1918. Urban. Kohlhammer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-17-011866-9. Evans, Robert J. W. The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1700: An Interpretation. Clarendon Press, 1979. Fichtner, Paula Sutter ...
The two main candidates were the Austrian Habsburg Archduke Charles, and 16-year-old Philip of Anjou, grandson of Charles' half-sister Maria Theresa and Louis XIV of France. Shortly before his death in November 1700, Charles named Philip his heir, but the acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either France or Austria threatened the ...
In the case of mandibular prognathism (never maxillary prognathism) this is often also referred to as Habsburg chin, Habsburg's chin, Habsburg jaw or Habsburg's jaw [2] [3] especially when referenced with context of its prevalence amongst historical members of the House of Habsburg.
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The family intermarried multiple times, securing power and influence across a European empire for 200 years - but it came with an unusual side-effect.
Charles suffered from an enlarged lower jaw (mandibular prognathism), a congenital deformity that became considerably worse in later Habsburg generations, giving rise to the term Habsburg jaw. This deformity may have been caused by the family's long history of repeated intermarriages between close family members, as commonly practiced in royal ...
Perhaps due to inbreeding among his progenitors, the hereditary Habsburg jaw was most prominent in Leopold. Because his jaw was depicted unusually large on a 1670 silver coin, Leopold was nicknamed "the Hogmouth"; however, most collectors do not believe the coin was an accurate depiction. [24]
The Habsburg Philip II of Spain and his wife, the Tudor Mary I of England.Mary and Philip were first cousins once removed. The wedding of Nicholas II of Russia and Alix of Hesse (whose name was changed to Alexandra Feodorovna in the process), second cousins through their shared great-grandparents Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Wilhelmine of Baden