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The usual treatment of a standardised Adie syndrome is to prescribe reading glasses to correct for impairment of the eye(s). [1] Pilocarpine drops may be administered as a treatment as well as a diagnostic measure. [1] Thoracic sympathectomy is the definitive treatment of diaphoresis, if the condition is not treatable by drug therapy. [1]
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
Adie tonic pupil: Tonic pupil is usually an isolated benign entity, presenting in young women. It may be associated with loss of deep tendon reflex (Adie's syndrome). Tonic pupil is characterized by delayed dilation of the iris, especially after near stimulus, segmental iris constriction, and sensitivity of pupil to a weak solution of pilocarpine.
Ross Syndrome is a progressive autonomic dysfunction that can occur in any age, ethnicity, or gender. The average age of diagnosis for Ross syndrome is 36 years and affects more females than males. [7]
The Marcus Gunn pupil is a relative afferent pupillary defect indicating a decreased pupillary response to light in the affected eye. [3] In the swinging flashlight test, a light is alternately shone into the left and right eyes. A normal response would be equal constriction of both pupils, regardless of which eye the light is directed at.
The older literature on AR pupils did not report the details of pupillary constriction (brisk vs. tonic) that are necessary to distinguish AR pupils from tonic pupils. Tonic pupils can occur in neurosyphilis. [3] It is not known whether neurosyphilis itself (infection by Treponema pallidum) can cause tonic pupils, or whether tonic pupils in ...
Several treatment guidelines recommend pharmaceutical treatments that include either the combination of a second-generation antidepressant and atypical antipsychotic or tricyclic antidepressant monotherapy or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as the first-line treatment for unipolar psychotic depression. [13] [14] [15] [16]
Once the pupil is dilated, examiners use ophthalmoscopy to view the eye's interior, which makes it easier to assess the retina, optic nerve head, blood vessels, and other important features. DFE has been found to be a more effective method for evaluating eye health when compared to non-dilated examination, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and is the best method of ...