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Example of a void pantograph pattern before (left) and after (right) the document has been photocopied. In security printing, void pantograph refers to a method of making copy-evident and tamper-resistant patterns in the background of a document. Normally these are invisible to the eye, but become obvious when the document is photocopied.
The symbol was first seen in print without the vinculum (the horizontal "bar" over the numbers inside the radical symbol) in the year 1525 in Die Coss by Christoff Rudolff, a German mathematician. In 1637 Descartes was the first to unite the German radical sign √ with the vinculum to create the radical symbol in common use today. [3]
Radical symbol, a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number. Radical symbol may also refer to: Chinese character radicals, a visually prominent component of a Chinese character; List of ideological symbols includes symbols used by political radicals
Radical sign. Add languages. Add links. Article; Talk; ... Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects
Every nonnegative real number x has a unique nonnegative square root, called the principal square root or simply the square root (with a definite article, see below), which is denoted by , where the symbol " " is called the radical sign [2] or radix. For example, to express the fact that the principal square root of 9 is 3, we write =.
The plus–minus sign, ±, is used as a shorthand notation for two expressions written as one, representing one expression with a plus sign, the other with a minus sign. For example, y = x ± 1 represents the two equations y = x + 1 and y = x − 1. Sometimes, it is used for denoting a positive-or-negative term such as ±x.
Abraham Lincoln – Republican Party, used on some paper ballots in the US; also used as a fundraising symbol (such as with the party's annual "Lincoln Dinner" in many states). Bear – California National Party; Benjamin Franklin – Democratic Party, used on some paper ballots in the US; Black and white cockade – Federalist Party
In algebra, a nested radical is a radical expression (one containing a square root sign, cube root sign, etc.) that contains (nests) another radical expression. Examples include , which arises in discussing the regular pentagon, and more complicated ones such as