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As for the reactions with organic compounds, the use of PCl 5 has been superseded by SO 2 Cl 2. The reaction of phosphorus pentoxide and PCl 5 produces POCl 3 : [18] [page needed] 6 PCl 5 + P 4 O 10 → 10 POCl 3. PCl 5 chlorinates nitrogen dioxide to form unstable nitryl chloride: PCl 5 + 2 NO 2 → PCl 3 + 2 NO 2 Cl 2 NO 2 Cl → 2 NO 2 + Cl 2
This is unlike phosphorus pentachloride which exists as neutral PCl 5 molecules in the gas and liquid states but adopts the ionic form [PCl 4] + [PCl 6] − (tetrachlorophosphonium hexachlorophosphate(V)) in the solid state. The average bond lengths in the crystal structure of POCl 3 are 1.98 Å for P–Cl and 1.46 Å for P=O. [5]
[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
The debate over the nature and classification of hypervalent molecules goes back to Gilbert N. Lewis and Irving Langmuir and the debate over the nature of the chemical bond in the 1920s. [3] Lewis maintained the importance of the two-center two-electron (2c-2e) bond in describing hypervalence, thus using expanded octets to account for such ...
[4] [5] An extended version of this model is used to describe the whole class of hypervalent molecules such as phosphorus pentafluoride and sulfur hexafluoride as well as multi-center π-bonding such as ozone and sulfur trioxide. There are also molecules such as diborane (B 2 H 6) and dialane (Al 2 H 6) which have three-center two-electron bond ...
Hexachlorophosphazene is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (N P Cl 2) 3.The molecule has a cyclic, unsaturated backbone consisting of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms, and can be viewed as a trimer of the hypothetical compound N≡PCl 2 (phosphazyl dichloride).
Phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, and phosphorus heptabromide are ionic in the solid and liquid states; PCl 5 is formulated as PCl 4 + PCl 6 –, but in contrast, PBr 5 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br −, and PBr 7 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br 3 −. They are widely used as chlorinating and brominating agents in organic chemistry.
Molecular models may be created for several reasons – as pedagogic tools for students or those unfamiliar with atomistic structures; as objects to generate or test theories (e.g., the structure of DNA); as analogue computers (e.g., for measuring distances and angles in flexible systems); or as aesthetically pleasing objects on the boundary of ...