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B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is B lymphocyte cell-surface molecule. It is a 33-37 kDa non-glycosylated protein. CD20 is expressed on the surface of B-cells from the pre-B phase, the expression is lost in terminally differentiated plasma cells. [5] [6] CD20 is used as a therapeutical target of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. [6]
Tumor markers can be molecules that are produced in higher amounts by cancer cells than normal cells, but can also be produced by other cells from a reaction with the cancer. [2] The markers can't be used to give patients a diagnosis but can be compared with the result of other tests like biopsy or imaging. [2]
TIM3 is under investigation as a cancer immune checkpoint target as it may function as a T cell inhibitory receptor and is expressed on CD8+ T cells and Tregs, both involved in immunosuppression. Enumeral / Merck is studying a co-blockade of PD1 and TIM3 pathways; Novartis is also testing an anti-TIM3 therapy with MBG453 (2015).
Unlike classic RSC, the non-classic popcorn-shaped RS cells of NLPHL are CD15 and CD30 negative while positive for the B cell marker CD20. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab has been used in lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with encouraging results. [6] BCL6 gene rearrangements have been frequently observed. [7] [8]
The Oncotype DX® breast cancer assay is one such test used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence. This test is intended for women with early-stage (Stage I or II), node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive breast cancer who will be treated with hormone therapy.
Cow milk consumption in America has drastically declined in recent years as consumers have gravitated towards plant-based milk for health reasons, have an intolerance to dairy, and have ethical ...
The CD nomenclature was proposed and established in the 1st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA), held in Paris in 1982. [4] [5] This system was intended for the classification of the many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by different laboratories around the world against epitopes on the surface molecules of leukocytes (white blood cells).
X-chromosome markers are another tool that can be used for genetic identity testing. Lineage markers can be helpful in missing persons investigations, disaster victim identification, forensic casework where other evidence is limited, and some complex kinship situations. X-chromosome analysis is especially helpful in assessing some kinship ...