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The single-principle obligation received mixed reaction among Indonesian Muslims. While major Muslim organisations Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) endorsed the single-principle basis, independent Muslim activists rejected the obligation.
The Open Society and Its Enemies is a work on political philosophy by the philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author presents a "defence of the open society against its enemies", [1] and offers a critique of theories of teleological historicism, according to which history unfolds inexorably according to universal laws.
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, [1] [2] in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". [3]
Pancasila (Indonesian: [pantʃaˈsila] ⓘ) is the official, foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia.The name is made from two words originally derived from Sanskrit: "pañca" ("five") and "śīla" ("principles", "precepts").
The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties is a collection of essays published in 1960 (New York, 2nd ed. 1962) by Daniel Bell, who described himself as a "socialist in economics, a liberal in politics, and a conservative in culture."
The need of Pancasila preservation become intensified after the 30 September Movement, after Suharto concluded that Pancasila was no longer practiced by Indonesian population, thus "Communism/Marxism-Leninism" (sic, official state terminology) was raised as contender and challenged the state ideology. [7]
A neighborhood in the Kozhukhovsky Bay of the Moskva River with a large sign promoting the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Moscow, 1975. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), [g] at some points known as the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political ...
Officially, the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) – the ruling party of North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) – is a communist party guided by Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism, a synthesis of the ideas of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. [1]