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Myelin sheath of a healthy neuron in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in which activated immune cells invade the central nervous system and cause inflammation, neurodegeneration, and tissue damage. The underlying cause is currently unknown.
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease , MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals , resulting in a range of signs and symptoms , including physical, mental , and sometimes psychiatric problems.
Often, the brain is able to compensate for some of this damage, due to an ability called neuroplasticity. MS symptoms develop as the cumulative result of multiple lesions in the brain and spinal cord. This is why symptoms can vary greatly between different individuals, depending on where their lesions occur.
Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
Doctors debate whether MS is an autoimmune disorder, arguing that it could possibly be a neurodegenerative disorder instead. Scientists have also made headway into several cause-related theories.
It also seems that myelin basic protein (MBP) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contains lower levels of phosphorylation at Thr97 than normal individuals. [152] NAWM is the place where lesions appear and the process seems to be made by microglia, in absence of leukocyte infiltration, astrogliosis or demyelination.
Nearly 2.3 million people are estimated to be living with multiple sclerosis around the world, but when Montel Williams received his official diagnosis back in 1999, not much was known about the ...
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