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Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. [1] It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation .
The disorder has various forms or presentations, which its name reflects (multiforme, "multiform", from multi-+ formis). Target lesions are a typical manifestation. Two standard types, one mild to moderate and one severe, are recognized (erythema multiforme minor and erythema multiforme major), as well as several rare and atypical types. [3]
In dermatology, erythema multiforme major is a form of rash with skin loss or epidermal detachment. The term "erythema multiforme majus" is sometimes used to imply a bullous (blistering) presentation. [2] According to some sources, there are two conditions included on a spectrum of this same disease process: Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)
Erythema multiforme (EM) is usually a reaction of the skin and mucous membranes that occurs suddenly. [1] It appears as a symmetrical rash and may include the mucous membrane lesions. This means that the body is sensitive to something that causes the skin and mucous membranes to react. The more common mild form is refer to as EM minor.
Erythema marginatum (also known as chicken wire erythema) [1] is an acquired skin condition which primarily affects the arms, trunk, and legs. [2] It is a type of erythema (redness of the skin or mucous membranes ) characterised by bright pink or red circular lesions which have sharply-defined borders and faint central clearing.
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea exhibits permanent redness (erythema) with a tendency to flush and blush easily. [13] Also small, widened blood vessels visible near the surface of the skin (telangiectasias) and possibly intense burning, stinging, and itching are common. [13] People with this type often have sensitive skin.
Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a red, blistering rash that spreads across the skin. It particularly affects the skin around the mouth and distal extremities; but may also be found on the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum , and groin.
Figurate erythema is a form of erythema (reddening of the skin) that presents in a ring or an arc shape. An example is erythema marginatum. [1] Classical types include: [2] Erythema annulare centrifugum; Erythema marginatum rheumaticum; Erythema chronicum migrans; Erythema gyratum repens