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A distribution board (also known as panelboard, circuit breaker panel, breaker panel, electric panel, fuse box or DB box) is a component of an electricity supply system that divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclosure.
[citation needed] With the use of non-CTL breakers, panels can be configured with the total number of circuits in excess of the designed capacity of that panel. The 2008 code did away with the previous 42 circuit limitation on panelboards. [3] One can now order panelboards with as many as 84 circuit places, and a corresponding ampacity rating.
An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses. [2] Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads.
The international standard IEC 62271-100 defines the demands linked to the characteristics of a high voltage circuit breaker. [7] The circuit breaker can be equipped with electronic devices to know at any moment their states, such as wear or gas pressure, and to detect faults from characteristic derivatives. It can also permit planned ...
Single-pole circuit breakers feed 120 V circuits from one of the 120 V buses within the panel, or two-pole circuit breakers feed 240-volt circuits from both buses. 120 V circuits are the most common, and used to power NEMA 1 and NEMA 5 outlets, and most residential and light commercial direct-wired lighting circuits.
They are generally wired with 2.5 mm 2 cable and protected by a 30 A fuse, an older 30 A circuit breaker, or a European harmonised 32 A circuit breaker. Sometimes 4 mm 2 cable is used if very long cable runs (to help reduce voltage drop) or derating factors such as very thick thermal insulation are involved. 1.5 mm 2 mineral-insulated copper ...
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