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Marine algae can be divided into six groups: green, red and brown algae, euglenophytes, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellates and diatoms are important components of marine algae and have their own sections below. Euglenophytes are a phylum of unicellular flagellates with only a few marine members. Not all algae are microscopic.
The spores of freshwater algae are dispersed mainly by running water and wind, as well as by living carriers. [83] However, not all bodies of water can carry all species of algae, as the chemical composition of certain water bodies limits the algae that can survive within them. [83] Marine spores are often spread by ocean currents.
Valonia ventricosa, also known as bubble algae, sea grape, [2] or sailor's eyeballs, [3] is a species of algae found in oceans throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions, within the phylum Chlorophyta. It is one of the largest known unicellular organisms. [3] [4] Valonia ventricosa in the Red Sea
The 154 kb chloroplast DNA map of a model flowering plant (Arabidopsis thaliana: Brassicaceae) showing genes and inverted repeats. Chloroplast DNAs are circular, and are typically 120,000–170,000 base pairs long. [7] [8] [9] They can have a contour length of around 30–60 micrometers, and have a mass of about 80–130 million daltons. [10]
Green, red and brown algae all have multicellular macroscopic forms that make up the familiar seaweeds. Green algae , an informal group, contains about 8,000 recognised species. [ 49 ] Many species live most of their lives as single cells or are filamentous, while others form colonies made up from long chains of cells, or are highly ...
In primitive red algae, the chloroplast DNA nucleoids are clustered in the center of the chloroplast, while in green plants and green algae, the nucleoids are dispersed throughout the stroma. [80] Chloroplast DNA is not associated with true histones, proteins that are used to pack DNA molecules tightly in eukaryote nuclei. [17]
So how does algae become biodiesel? Garton explained the algae has to be grown and cultivated. Afterwards, oil must be extracted from the algae, which can be further refined and turned into biodiesel.
"The findings break from the traditional interpretation of marine ecology found in textbooks, which states that nearly all sunlight in the ocean is captured by chlorophyll in algae. Instead, rhodopsin-equipped bacteria function like hybrid cars, powered by organic matter when available—as most bacteria are—and by sunlight when nutrients are ...