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The United States maintains the southernmost base, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, and the largest base and research station in Antarctica, McMurdo Station. The second-southernmost base is the Chinese Kunlun Station at 80°25′2″S during the summer season, and the Russian Vostok Station at 78°27′50″S during the winter season.
The icebreaker Almirante Irizar has been the principal supply line for Argentine bases in Antarctica since 1978. Antarctica New Zealand; Argentine Antarctic Program; Australian Antarctic Division; Brazilian Antarctic Program; British Antarctic Survey [1] Instituto Antártico Argentino; Instituto Antártico Chileno; IPEV French Polar Institute
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their ...
The U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition (1939–1940), under the leadership of the U.S. Navy, maintained bases at Marguerite Bay and Bay of Whales. [7] Operation Highjump in 1946–1947 was the largest single expedition ever to explore Antarctica, involving 13 naval vessels, numerous airplanes and more than 4,700 men.
Antarctic melt stream. Antarctica is a desert, receiving very little annual precipitation. [1] However meltwater from the continent's ice features produce a number of rivers and streams. A list of these can be found at List of rivers of Antarctica
The bases are served by airfields and a port, though access can be limited by weather conditions which can make it too hard to land aircraft, and an icebreaker may be needed to reach the port facility. The base was first established in the mid-1950s as part of an international program to study and explore Antarctica for peaceful purposes.
On January 3, 1958, Sir Edmund Hillary's team from New Zealand, part of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, reached the station over land from Scott Base, followed shortly by Sir Vivian Fuchs' British scientific component.
This is an alphabetical list of airports in Antarctica, including airstrips, heliports and skiways (snow runways [1]). ... (serving McMurdo Station and Scott Base)