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  2. Rotary kiln - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_kiln

    These require some ingenuity of design, since the tyre must fit the shell snugly, but also allow thermal movement. The tyre rides on pairs of steel rollers, also machined to a smooth cylindrical surface, and set about half a kiln-diameter apart. The rollers must support the kiln, and allow rotation that is as nearly frictionless as possible.

  3. Trommel screen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trommel_screen

    Therefore, design rules are often used in place of the governing equations in the design of a trommel screen. When designing a trommel screen, the main factors affecting the screening efficiency and production rate are the rotational velocity of the drum, mass flow rate of feed particles, size of the drum, and inclination of trommel screen.

  4. Expanded clay aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_clay_aggregate

    Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) or expanded clay (exclay) is a lightweight aggregate made by heating clay to around 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) in a rotary kiln. The heating process causes gases trapped in the clay to expand, forming thousands of small bubbles and giving the material a porous structure.

  5. Waelz process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waelz_process

    The Waelz process is a method of recovering zinc and other relatively low boiling point metals from metallurgical waste (typically electric arc furnace flue dust) and other recycled materials using a rotary kiln (waelz kiln). The zinc enriched product is referred to as waelz oxide, and the reduced zinc by product as waelz slag.

  6. Multiple hearth furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_hearth_furnace

    The multiple hearth furnaces consist of several circular hearths or kilns superimposed on each other. Material is fed from the top and is moved by the action of rotating "rabble arms", and the revolving mechanical rabbles attached to the arms move over the surface of each hearth to continuously shift the ore.

  7. Cement kiln - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_kiln

    Rotary kilns run 24 hours a day, and are typically stopped only for a few days once or twice a year for essential maintenance. One of the main maintenance works on rotary kilns is tyre and roller surface machining and grinding works which can be done while the kiln works in full operation at speeds up to 3.5 rpm.

  8. Krupp–Renn process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krupp–Renn_Process

    View of the six rotary furnaces at the Essen–Borbeck direct reduction plant, c. 1964. The Krupp–Renn process was a direct reduction steelmaking process used from the 1930s to the 1970s. It used a rotary furnace and was one of the few technically and commercially successful direct reduction processes in the world, acting as an alternative to ...

  9. Lime kiln - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_kiln

    Rotary lime kiln (rust-colored horizontal tube at right) with preheater, Wyoming, 2010 Traditional lime kiln in Sri Lanka. A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is CaCO 3 + heat → CaO + CO 2