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The factionalist arguments continued, with Stalin threatening to resign in October and December 1926, and again in December 1927. [217] In October 1927, Trotsky was removed from the Central Committee; [ 218 ] he was later exiled to Kazakhstan in 1928 and deported from the country in 1929.
Stalin, through his office as General Secretary, received advanced knowledge about Lenin's Testament and sought to delay its release. [12] Upon its release to the party, Stalin offered to resign as General Secretary, but this was rebuked to maintain the image of party unity. [13]
These three plus Kamenev formed the Central Committee's Bureau. Stalin would share a flat with Molotov where he apologised: "You were the nearest of all to Lenin in the initial stage in April." [10] On June 24, Stalin threatened to resign when Lenin turned against the idea of an armed demonstration when the Soviets refused to support it.
However, by April 1925, the triumvirate broke up due to Kamenev's and Zinoviev's opposition to Stalin's "Socialism in One Country" policy. After Stalin consolidated power in the 1930s, Kamenev and Zinoviev were ultimately murdered in the Great Purge. Lev Kamenev (1883–1936) [63] Joseph Stalin (1878–1953) [13] Grigory Zinoviev (1883–1936) [64]
On October 16, 1952, Stalin formally abolished the position, but he retained ultimate power and his position as Chairman of the Council of Ministers until his death on 5 March 1953. [20] At a tenure of 30 years, 7 months, Stalin was the longest-serving General Secretary, serving almost half of the USSR's entire existence.
This did not happen, and Beria was forced to resign from all his party posts on 26 June, and was later executed on 23 December. [61] Beria's fall also led to criticism of Stalin; the party leadership accused Beria of using Stalin, a sick and old man, to force his own will on the Soviet Union during Stalin's last days. [ 62 ]
Stalin, the Russians, and Their War, 1941–1945. 2004. 315 pp. Feis, Herbert. Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin: The War they waged and the Peace they sought (1953). online free o borrow; Fenby, Jonathan. Alliance: the inside story of how Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill won one war and began another (2015). Hill, Alexander.
Under pressure from the opposition, Stalin had to read the testament again at the July 1926 Central Committee meeting. Lenin's concerns over Stalin's harsh leadership and over a split between Trotsky and Stalin were later confirmed, with Trotsky being expelled from the Soviet Union by the Politburo in February 1929.