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The Age of Enlightenment dominated advanced thought in Europe from about the 1650s to the 1780s. It developed from a number of sources of “new” ideas, such as challenges to the dogma and authority of the Catholic Church and by increasing interest in the ideas of science, in scientific methods. In philosophy, it called into question ...
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement taking place in Europe from the late 17th century to the early 19th century.
Member of Scottish Enlightenment, founder of Scottish Common Sense philosophy. David Hume (1711–1776). Empiricist, skeptic. Jean–Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). Social contract political philosopher. Denis Diderot (1713–1784). Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–1762). Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771). Utilitarian.
Schelling, Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature (see: Naturphilosophie) 1798 Schelling, On the World Soul; 1799 Napoleon overthrows the French Directory; Jacobi, Letter to Fichte (see: Atheism dispute) Schleiermacher, On Religion (see: German Romanticism, Hermeneutics) Schelling, First Plan of a System of the Philosophy of Nature
Political philosopher, educational reformer, composer; Encyclopédist who influenced many Enlightenment figures but did not himself believe in the primacy of reason and was a forerunner of Romanticism. Giovanni Salvemini: 1708-1791: Italian: Mathematician and astronomer. Friedrich Schiller: 1759–1805: German: Philosopher, poet, and playwright ...
Humboldt's model was based on two ideas of the Enlightenment: the individual and the world citizen.Humboldt believed that the university (and education in general, as in the Prussian education system) should enable students to become autonomous individuals and world citizens by developing their own powers of reasoning in an environment of academic freedom.
[2] [3] His ideas, including support for free markets, public education, constitutional government, and equal rights for women and people of all races, have been said to embody the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, of which he has been called the "last witness", [4] and Enlightenment rationalism.
The first major philosopher of the Scottish Enlightenment was Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746), who was professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow from 1729 to 1746. He was an important link between the ideas of Shaftesbury and the later school of Scottish Common Sense Realism , developing Utilitarianism and Consequentialist thinking. [ 31 ]