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DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006. [1]
Linagliptin, sold under the brand name Tradjenta among others, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes (but not type 1) in conjunction with exercise and diet. [8] [9] It is generally less preferred than metformin and sulfonylureas as an initial treatment. [8] [10] It is taken by mouth. [8] Common side effects include inflammation of the ...
Vildagliptin inhibits the inactivation of GLP-1 [2] [3] and GIP [3] by DPP-4, allowing GLP-1 and GIP to potentiate the secretion of insulin in the beta cells and suppress glucagon release by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It was approved by the EMA in 2007. [4]
Alogliptin, sold under the brand names Nesina and Vipidia, [2] [3] is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor (gliptin) class. [4] Like other members of the gliptin class, it causes little or no weight gain, exhibits relatively little risk of hypoglycemia, and has relatively modest glucose-lowering activity. [1]
Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. [1] Early on there are often no symptoms. [1] Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision that may affect one or both eyes. [1]
GLP-1 agonists were initially developed for type 2 diabetes. [7] The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care in diabetes include GLP-1 agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors as a first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes in patients who have or are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heart ...
GLP1 poly-agonist peptides [1] are a class of drugs that activate multiple peptide hormone receptors including the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor.These drugs are developed for the same indications as GLP-1 receptor agonists—especially obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
However, while DPP-4 inhibitors showed an increase in such risk factors, as of 2009, no increase in pancreatic cancer has been reported in individuals taking DPP-4 inhibitors. [ 26 ] In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added a new warning and precaution about the risk of "severe and disabling" joint pain to the labels of all DPP ...