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Ahargana - The Astronomy of the Hindu Calendar Explains the various calendric elements of the Hindu calendar by means of astronomical simulations created using Stellarium. drikPanchang, an online Hindu almanac (IAST: pañcāṅga). Stellarium, the astronomy software that was used to create the animations featured in this article.
It stands to reason that during the original naming of these months—whenever that happened—they were indeed based on the nakshatras that coincided with them in some manner. The modern Indian national calendar is a solar calendar, much like the Gregorian calendar wherein solstices and equinoxes fall on the same date(s) every year.
In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were used as celestial markers in the heavens. When these were mapped into equal divisions of the ecliptic, a division of 27 portions was adopted since that resulted in a clearer definition of each portion (i.e. segment) subtending 13° 20′ (as opposed to 12° 51 + 3 ⁄ 7 ′ in the case of 28 segments).
Given a date in the Common Era calendar, it is trivial and straightforward to compute the kali ahargana of that day. The Common Era calendar is the product of the evolution over centuries with intervening events like the Gregorian reform and the different dates of adoption of the reform in different countries.
Drigganita (दृग्गणित; IAST: dṛggaṇita, from dṛk-gaṇita, "sight-calculation"), also called the Drik system, [1] is a system of astronomical computations followed by several traditional astronomers, astrologers and almanac makers in India.
The Buddhist calendar and the traditional lunisolar calendars of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand are also based on an older version of the Hindu calendar. Similarly, the ancient Jain traditions have followed the same lunisolar system as the Hindu calendar for festivals, texts and inscriptions. However, the Buddhist and Jain ...
The nirayana system is a traditional Indian system of calendrical computations in which the phenomenon of precession of equinoxes is not taken into consideration. [1] In Indian astronomy, the precession of equinoxes is called ayana-calana which literally means shifting of the solstices and so nirayana is nir- + ayana meaning without ayana. [2]
Both Hindu and Buddhist tradition, as well as Bhāskara I (CE 629), identify Kusumapura as Pāṭaliputra, modern Patna. [9] A verse mentions that Aryabhata was the head of an institution ( kulapa ) at Kusumapura, and, because the university of Nalanda was in Pataliputra at the time, it is speculated that Aryabhata might have been the head of ...