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Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Chinese Character (Traditional) Chinese Character Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref acik, aci: older women, such as older sister, aunt 阿姊: 阿姊: Hakka: â-chí, â-chè, â-che elder sister Min Nan: a-chí, a-ché akeo: son 阿哥: 阿哥: Min Nan: a-ko elder brother amah
The Chinese loanwords are usually concerned with cuisine, trade or often just things exclusively Chinese. Words of Chinese origin (presented here with accompanying Hokkien/ Mandarin pronunciation derivatives as well as traditional and simplified characters) include loteng, (樓/層 = lóu/céng – [upper] floor/ level), mie (麵 > 面 Hokkien ...
The study of Indonesian etymology and loan words reflects its historical and social context. Examples include the early Sanskrit borrowings, probably during the Srivijaya period, the borrowings from Arabic and Persian, especially during the time of the establishment of Islam, and words borrowed from Dutch during the colonial period.
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was the Romanized standard orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. [1] Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script.
A rarer occurrence is the blending of the Latin alphabet with Chinese characters, as in "卡拉OK" ("karaoke"), “T恤” ("T-shirt"), "IP卡" ("internet protocol card"). [3] In some instances, the loanwords exists side by side with neologisms that translate the meaning of the concept into existing Chinese morphemes.
In employing this strategy, individuals translate their Chinese name into Indonesian, Indonesian regional languages, or common non-native names in Indonesia, such as those with Arabic or Sanskrit influence. For example, Sofjan Wanandi translated his surname Liem (林), which meant "forest", to the old Javanese word "wana".
Indonesia abandoned the spelling dj to conform to the j already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian j for the semivowel was replaced with y as in Malaysia. Likewise, the velar fricative [ x ] which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became kh in both languages. [ 32 ]
官話字母; Guānhuà zìmǔ, developed by Wang Zhao (1859–1933), was the first alphabetic writing system for Chinese developed by a Chinese person. This system was modeled on Japanese katakana, which he learned during a two-year stay in Japan, and consisted of letters that were based on components of Chinese characters.