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The Middle Ages began with the end of the Roman era and many Roman building techniques were lost. But some Roman techniques, including the use of iron ring-beams, appear to have been used in the Palatine Chapel at Aachen, c. 800 AD, where it is believed builders from the Lombard Kingdom in northern Italy contributed to the work. [25]
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Building Conservation and the Arts and Crafts Cult of Authenticity 1877–1939. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10730-7; Donovan, Andrea (2007) William Morris and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415955959; Vallance, Aymer (1897/1995) The Life and Work of William Morris ...
The third factor affecting ancient building conservation is tourism. While tourism provides both economical and cultural benefits, it can also be destructive. The Egyptian tomb of Seti the 1st is currently off limits to the public due to the deterioration that has been caused by tourists.
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The ruins of a Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE) Chinese watchtower made of rammed earth in Dunhuang, Province of Gansu, China, at the eastern end of the Silk Road.. Rammed earth is a technique for constructing foundations, floors, and walls using compacted natural raw materials such as earth, chalk, lime, or gravel. [1]
Building materials or construction techniques used to build the original are barely or not at all available or not financially affordable. The same applies to craftspeople who still (or again) master the historical techniques and materials. The original would not correspond to the space requirements that the new use of the building will make.