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The root canal filling material (3, 4, and 10) does not extend to the end of the tooth roots (5, 6 and 11). The dark circles at the bottom of the tooth roots (7 and 8) indicated infection in the surrounding bone. Recommended treatment is either to redo the root canal therapy or extract the tooth and place dental implants.
A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy (apico-+ -ectomy), apicectomy (apic-+ -ectomy), retrograde root canal treatment (c.f. orthograde root canal treatment) or root-end filling, is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material.
An apicoectomy can be carried out when a previous root canal treatment fails, and re-root canal treatment is not possible. [14] This may be as a result of anatomical features, such as root dilaceration, which can compromise the completion of cleaning and obturating the root canal system.
These teeth often have thin root canal walls which are susceptible to fracture after treatment. Therefore, complete cleaning and shaping as well as obturation of these teeth are difficult or sometimes impossible, due to high risk of fracture during the procedure [ 48 ] Clinical outcome of regenerative endodontics can be observed within 6 months ...
It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the mouth, most commonly focused on dentition (the development and arrangement of teeth) as well as the oral mucosa. [2] Dentistry may also encompass other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint.
The National University Hospital (NUH) is a tertiary referral hospital and academic medical centre in Singapore, located in Kent Ridge.It is a 1,160-bed tertiary hospital serving more than 670,000 outpatients and 49,000 inpatients and serves as a clinical training centre and research centre for the medical and dental faculties of the National University of Singapore (NUS).
Periapical true cysts - cysts containing cavities entirely surrounded in epithelial lining. Resolution of this type of cyst requires surgical treatment such as a cystectomy. [10] Periapical pocket cysts - epithelium lined cavities that have an opening to the root canal of the affected tooth. Resolution may occur after traditional root canal ...
The National Health Policy was endorsed by the Parliament of India in 1983 and updated in 2002, and then again updated in 2017. The recent four main updates in 2017 mention the need to focus on the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, the emergence of the robust healthcare industry, growing incidences of unsustainable expenditure due to healthcare costs, and rising economic growth ...