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Russia, [b] or the Russian Federation, [c] is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.It is the largest country in the world by land area, and extends across eleven time zones; sharing land borders with fourteen countries.
Russia's GDP by purchasing power parity (PPP) from 1991 to 2019 (in international dollars) Russian male life expectancy from 1980 to 2007. With the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON and other treaties that served to bind its satellite states to the Soviet Union, the conversion of the world's largest state-controlled economy into a market-oriented economy would have been ...
Area of Russia: 17,075,400 km 2 (6,592,800 sq mi) – 1st largest country; Atlas of Russia; Mercator projection distorts Russia's appearance from crescent-like shape (as seen on a globe) into a fish-like or bear-like outline; also making the uninhabited area of Russia (e.g. food-less cold tundra and taiga) look 3-4 times bigger than it already is.
The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod (unveiled on 8 September 1862). The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. [1] [2] The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in the year 862, ruled by Varangians.
An official government translation of the Constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal significance, an autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian ...
All Russian cities with at least 1 million people, labelled Federal subjects of Russia by population density. This is a list of cities and towns in Russia and parts of the Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine with a population of over 50,000 as of the 2021 Census.
Russia's research and development budget is the world's ninth-highest, with an expenditure of approximately 422 billion rubles on domestic research and development. [131] In 2019, Russia was ranked tenth worldwide in the number of scientific publications. [132] Russia ranked 45th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021. [133]
Russia is among the world's most educated countries, and has the third-highest proportion of tertiary-level graduates in terms of percentage of population, at 62%. [127] It spent roughly 4.7% of its GDP on education in 2018. [128] Russia has compulsory education for a duration of 11 years, exclusively for children aged 7 to 17–18. [126]