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  2. Frequency (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_(statistics)

    A histogram is a representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles or squares (in some of situations), erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area proportional to the frequency of the observations in the interval. The height of a rectangle is also equal to the frequency density of the interval, i.e., the frequency ...

  3. Statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

    In this case, the researchers would collect observations of both smokers and non-smokers, perhaps through a cohort study, and then look for the number of cases of lung cancer in each group. [21] A case-control study is another type of observational study in which people with and without the outcome of interest (e.g. lung cancer) are invited to ...

  4. Observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation

    Observation in the natural sciences [1] is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving [2] and the acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments. The term may also refer to ...

  5. Observations and Measurements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observations_and_Measurements

    Observations and Measurements (O&M) is an international standard [1] which defines a conceptual schema encoding for observations, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. While the O&M standard was developed in the context of geographic information systems , the model is derived from generic patterns proposed by Fowler ...

  6. Observational learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_learning

    In doing so they learn to value observation and the skill-building it affords them because of the value it holds within their community. [5] This type of observation is not passive, but reflects the child's intent to participate or learn within a community. [4] Observational learning can be seen taking place in many domains of Indigenous ...

  7. Quantification (science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantification_(science)

    Quantitative linguistics is an area of linguistics that relies on quantification. For example, [ 7 ] indices of grammaticalization of morphemes , such as phonological shortness, dependence on surroundings, and fusion with the verb, have been developed and found to be significantly correlated across languages with stage of evolution of function ...

  8. Observational methods in psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_Methods_in...

    Naturalistic observation may also be time consuming, sometimes requiring dozens of observation sessions lasting large parts of each day to collect information on the behavior of interest. Lastly, because behavior is perceived so subjectively, it is possible that different observers notice different things, or draw different conclusions from ...

  9. Scientific literacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literacy

    Scientific literacy is chiefly concerned with an understanding of the scientific method, units and methods of measurement, empiricism and understanding of statistics in particular correlations and qualitative versus quantitative observations and aggregate statistics, as well as a basic understanding of core scientific fields, such as physics ...