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An ion pump (also referred to as a sputter ion pump) is a type of vacuum pump which operates by sputtering a metal getter. Under ideal conditions, ion pumps are capable of reaching pressures as low as 10 −11 mbar. [1] An ion pump first ionizes gas within the vessel it is attached to and employs a strong electrical potential, typically 3–7 ...
The NEG acts as a getter or getter pump that is able to reduce the pressure to less than 10 −12 mbar. Non-evaporable getters , which work at high temperature, generally consist of a film of a special alloy, often primarily zirconium ; the requirement is that the alloy materials must form a passivation layer at room temperature which ...
Monocryl has a low tissue reactivity, maintains high tensile strength, and has a half-life of 7 to 14 days. At 1 week, its in vivo tensile strength is at 50–60% undyed (60–70% dyed), 20–30% undyed (30–40% dyed) at two weeks, and essentially completely hydrolyzed by 91–119 days. [ 3 ]
Typically, this backing pressure is below 0.1 mbar and commonly about 0.01 mbar. The backing pressure is rarely below 10 −3 mbar (mean free path ≈ 70 mm) because the flow resistance of the vacuum pipe between the turbopump and the roughing pump becomes significant. The turbomolecular pump can be a very versatile pump.
[3] Many seals and bearings were removed in the design as the ionic liquid does not mix with the gas. Service life is about 10 times longer than a regular reciprocating compressor with reduced maintenance during use, energy costs are reduced by as much as 20%. The heat exchangers that are used in a normal piston compressor are removed as the ...
Samples may become contaminated by titanium if they have line-of-sight to the pump. Also, titanium is a very hard material, so titanium film which builds up on the inside of the chamber may form flakes which fall into mechanical components (typically turbomolecular pumps and valves) and damage them. Many chambers containing TSPs also have an ...
The sorption pump is a cyclic pump and its cycle has 3 phases: sorption, desorption and regeneration. In the sorption phase the pump is actually used to create a vacuum. This is achieved by cooling the pump body to low temperatures, typically by immersing it in a Dewar flask filled with liquid nitrogen.
Once a local electric field strength of about 10 9 V/m is reached, electrons are ripped off the metal atoms. These electrons are collected through the liquid metal column by the channel walls, and the positive ions are accelerated away from the liquid through a gap in the negative accelerator electrode by the same electric field that created them.