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  2. Incurred but not reported - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incurred_but_not_reported

    Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) In insurance , incurred but not reported ( IBNR ) claims is the amount owed by an insurer to all valid claimants who have had a covered loss but have ...

  3. Loss reserving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_reserving

    Loss reserving is the calculation of the required reserves for a tranche of insurance business, [1] including outstanding claims reserves.. Typically, the claims reserves represent the money which should be held by the insurer so as to be able to meet all future claims arising from policies currently in force and policies written in the past.

  4. Bornhuetter–Ferguson method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornhuetter–Ferguson_method

    The Bornhuetter–Ferguson method was introduced in the 1972 paper "The Actuary and IBNR", co-authored by Ron Bornhuetter and Ron Ferguson. [4] [5] [7] [8]Like other loss reserving techniques, the Bornhuetter–Ferguson method aims to estimate incurred but not reported insurance claim amounts.

  5. Chain-ladder method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain-ladder_method

    The chain-ladder technique is only accurate when patterns of loss development in the past can be assumed to continue in the future. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In contrast to other loss reserving methods such as the Bornhuetter–Ferguson method , it relies only on past experience to arrive at an incurred but not reported claims estimate.

  6. Loss ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_ratio

    For insurance, the loss ratio is the ratio of total losses incurred (paid and reserved) in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total premiums earned. [1] For example, if an insurance company pays $60 in claims for every $100 in collected premiums, then its loss ratio is 60% with a profit ratio/gross margin of 40% or $40.

  7. List of spreadsheet software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spreadsheet_software

    Smartsheet – Online spreadsheet for project management, interactive Gantt, file sharing, integrated with Google Apps [8] Sourcetable [9] – AI spreadsheet that generates formulas, charts, SQL, and analyzes data. ThinkFree Online Calc – as part of the ThinkFree Office online office suite, using Java

  8. Actuarial reserves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuarial_reserves

    The net level premium reserve is found by taking the expected value of the loss random variable defined above. They can be formulated prospectively or retrospectively. The amount of prospective reserves at a point in time is derived by subtracting the actuarial present value of future valuation premiums from the actuarial present value of the ...

  9. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allowance_for_Loan_and...

    Some of the general challenges that financial institutions face with regards to the ALLL estimation include the manual, time-intensive nature of the reserve estimation process each month or quarter; producing adequate documentation and disclosures; incorporating new accounting standards and regulations released by FASB and federal regulatory bodies, and increased scrutiny on the assumptions ...