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Life cycle of Schistosoma spp. Individuals infected with Schistosoma release eggs into water via their feces or urine. A collection of stool samples under a microscope will show the eggs of S. intercalatum , S. mansori , and S. japonicum .
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes.They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization to be the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), infecting millions worldwide.
Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic trematode, belonging to a group (genus) of blood flukes (Schistosoma). It is found in Africa and the Middle East. It is the major agent of schistosomiasis, the most prevalent parasitic infection in humans. [1]
Schistosoma mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans, and belongs to the group of blood flukes (Schistosoma). The adult lives in the blood vessels ( mesenteric veins ) near the human intestine. It causes intestinal schistosomiasis (similar to S. japonicum , S. mekongi , S. guineensis , and S. intercalatum ).
An outline of the evolution of the schistosoma is now possible. The ancestral species infected freshwater turtles and the life cycle included gastropod hosts. Some of these species in their turn infected the marine turtles. [3] At some point members of species infecting marine turtles developed the ability to infect birds – most likely waterfowl.
The schistosomulae migrate through several tissues and stages to their residence in the veins (8,9). Adult worms in humans reside in the mesenteric venules in various locations, which at times seem to be specific for each species (10) .
The life cycle of a typical trematode begins with an egg. Some trematode eggs hatch directly in the environment (water), while others are eaten and hatched within a host, typically a mollusc. The hatchling is called a miracidium, a free-swimming, ciliated larva. Miracidia will then grow and develop within the intermediate host into a sac-like ...
Schistosoma intercalatum's life cycle is very similar to that of S. haematobium, except for some key differences. To start the life cycle, the human host releases eggs with its feces. In water, the eggs hatch to become miracidia, which penetrate the freshwater snail intermediate host. [5]