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Parenteral nutrition (PN), or intravenous feeding, is the feeding of nutritional products to a person intravenously, [1] bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by pharmaceutical compounding entities or standard pharmaceutical companies.
The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) is a US-based professional organization. Its members include dieticians, nurses, pharmacists, physicians and scientists who are involved in providing clinical nutrition to patients. [5] ASPEN was founded on June 5, 1975. [6] It was officially incorporated on November 30, 1976. [7]
There are dozens of conditions that may require tube feeding (enteral nutrition) to prevent or treat malnutrition. Conditions that necessitate feeding tubes include prematurity, failure to thrive (or malnutrition), neurologic and neuromuscular disorders, inability to swallow, anatomical and post-surgical malformations of the mouth and esophagus, cancer, Sanfilippo syndrome, and digestive ...
Gastrostomy may be indicated in numerous situations, usually those in which normal (or nasogastric) feeding is impossible. The causes for these situations may be neurological (e.g. stroke), anatomical (e.g. cleft lip and palate during the process of correction) or other (e.g. radiation therapy for tumors in head & neck region). [citation needed]
The syndrome can occur at the beginning of treatment for eating disorders when patients have an increase in calorie intake and can be fatal. It can also occur when someone does not eat for several days at a time usually beginning after 4–5 days with no food. [5] It can also occur after the onset of a severe illness or major surgery. The ...
One use is as a last line of opioid treatment for terminal cancer patients with intractable cancer pain. [20] A transdermal patch which delivers medication is applied to the skin. The patch is labelled with the time and date of administration as well as the administrator's initials. A medical professional applies nose drops.
For continuous feeding, a gravity based system is employed, with the solution placed higher than the patient's stomach. If accrued supervision is required for the feeding, the tube is often connected to an electronic pump which can control and measure the patient's intake and signal any interruption in the feeding.
Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract. This contrasts with parenteral nutrition or drug administration (Greek para , "besides" + enteros ), which occurs from routes outside the GI tract, such as intravenous routes.